{"id":7972,"date":"2020-04-15T15:37:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-15T12:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/?p=7972"},"modified":"2020-04-21T21:41:13","modified_gmt":"2020-04-21T18:41:13","slug":"resurse-privind-gestionarea-stresului-in-conditiile-pandemiei-de-sars-cov-2-si-a-imbolnavirii-de-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/specialisti\/articles\/romana-resurse-privind-gestionarea-stresului-in-conditiile-pandemiei-de-sars-cov-2-si-a-imbolnavirii-de-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"(Rom\u00e2n\u0103) Resurse privind gestionarea stresului \u00een condi\u021biile pandemiei de SARS-CoV-2* \u0219i a \u00eemboln\u0103virii de Covid-19**"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"qtranxs-available-languages-message qtranxs-available-languages-message-en\">Sorry, this entry is only available in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7972\" class=\"qtranxs-available-language-link qtranxs-available-language-link-ro\" title=\"Rom\u00e2n\u0103\">Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/a>.<\/p><h2>Resurse privind gestionarea stresului \u00een condi\u021biile pandemiei de SARS-CoV-2* \u0219i a \u00eemboln\u0103virii de Covid-19** &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/resumee\/skolka-eniko\/\">Dr. \u0160kolka Enik\u0151<\/a><\/h2>\n<p><small>* SARS-CoV-2; SARS \u2013 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; CoV-2 \u2013 Coronavirus type 2 \u2013 new, sau 2019-nCoV \u2013 2019 novel Coronavirus \u2013 (virusul care cauzeaz\u0103 boala);<br \/>\n  ** Covid-19; Co \u2013 Corona; vi \u2013 virus; d \u2013 disease (numele bolii).<\/small><\/p>\n<p><em>Material preg\u0103tit ini\u021bial pentru colegii psihoterapeu\u021bi sistemici practican\u021bi \u00een regim de supervizare cu care colaborez \u00een calitatea de supervizor, \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it apoi tuturor colegilor afilia\u021bi la ATF-PF. Ulterior pus la dispozi\u021bia publicului larg. <\/em><\/p>\n<div style=\"display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr; column-gap: 30px;\">\n<div>\n<p>    <strong>Cuprins:<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Resurse-IV-Gestionarea-stresului-SARS-CoV-2-F.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Desc\u0103rcare \u00een format PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_7973\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/covid-19.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-7973\" src=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/covid-19-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"covid-19\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/covid-19-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/covid-19-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/covid-19.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/everything-you-need-know-about-covid-19-180974313\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Smithsonian Magazine \/<br \/>A Guide to What to Know About COVID-19<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<ol class=\"innav\" type=\"I\">\n<li><a href=\"#surse-de-incredere\">Recomad\u0103ri surse de informare de \u00eencredere privind virusul \u0219i boala (preponderent \u00een limba englez\u0103)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#info-esentiale\">Informa\u021bii minimale despre boal\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#raspunsul-la-stres\">R\u0103spunsul la stres \u00een condi\u021bii de criz\u0103 pandemic\u0103 \u0219i strategii de coping posibile<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#forma-de-burnout\">O form\u0103 de burnout cu caracteristici modificate \u00een contextul dat <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#modificari-la-nivel-psihic\">Modific\u0103ri la nivel psihic \u0219i comportamental generate de frica de contagiune<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#factori-ingreunatori\">Factori care \u00eengreuneaz\u0103 admiterea existen\u021bei unei situa\u021bii de criz\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#simptomele-stresului\">Simptome ale stresului la adul\u021bi, la copii<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#strategii-reducere\">Strategii de reducere a stresului (modalit\u0103\u021bi de coping posibile)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ancore-convietuire-izolare\">Ancore pentru convie\u021buirea \u00een familii \u00een condi\u021bii de izolare autoimpus\u0103, izolare, carantin\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ancore-gestionare-stres-copii\">Ancore pentru gestionarea stresului copiilor, adolescen\u021bilor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ancore-gestionare-stres-pers-vindecate\">Ancore pentru gestionarea stresului persoanelor eliberate din carantin\u0103, vindecate<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ancore-specialisti\">Ancore pentru speciali\u0219ti din sfera \u03c8<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#bibliografie\">Bibliografie<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>Citarea materialului: \u0160kolka, E. (2020). Resurse privind gestionarea stresului \u00een condi\u021biile pandemiei de SARS-CoV-2* \u0219i a \u00eemboln\u0103virii de Covid-19**, PPT \u2013 1-51 de pagini, versiunea 5, preluat de la adresa https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/categorie\/specialisti\/articole\/, \u00een data de &#8230;. .<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ONU (2020) \u2013 criza actual\u0103 este cea mai serioas\u0103 criz\u0103 cu care s-a confruntat omenirea de la cel de-al doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial \u00eencoace; constituie un fenomen nemai\u00eent\u00e2lnit de oameni \u00een lumea modern\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>WHO (2020) \u2013 a se p\u0103stra \u00een vedere faptul c\u0103 situa\u021bia curent\u0103 nu este una care s\u0103 se rezolve repede, drept urmare pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 gestionarea situa\u021biilor de criz\u0103 imediate este nevoie de-alocarea de resurse pentru gestionarea dificult\u0103\u021bilor pe termen mai lung. Sarcina \u201dnu este un sprint, ci un maraton\u201d .<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"surse-de-incredere\">I. Recomand\u0103ri privind surse de \u00eencredere referitare la virus \u0219i boal\u0103<\/h3>\n<p>Institutul Na\u021bional de S\u0103n\u0103tate Public\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia &#8211; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnscbt.ro\/index.php\/liste-zone-afectate-covid-19\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Liste zone afectate COVID-19<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hotnews.ro\/stiri-coronavirus-23719063-covid19-harta-romania-judete-situatia-timp-real-actualizata.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TABLOU INTERACTIV Coronavirus \u00een Rom\u00e2nia: Situa\u021bia actualizat\u0103 din fiecare jude\u021b din \u021bar\u0103. Unde sunt cei infecta\u021bi, c\u00e2\u021bi sunt monitoriza\u021bi<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arcgis.com\/apps\/opsdashboard\/index.html#\/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.digi24.ro\/stiri\/actualitate\/informatii-oficiale-despre-coronavirus-ministerul-de-interne-26-de-persoane-sunt-in-carantina-2077-sunt-monitorizate-la-domiciliu-1266261\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DIGI24: Coronavirus Rom\u00e2nia, INFORMA\u021aII OFICIALE<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC \u2013 A visual guide to the pandemic, 2020, The Visual and Data Journalism Team BBC News, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC &#8211; Coronavirus pandemic: Tracking the global outbreak, By The Visual and Data Journalism Team BBC News, 19 April 2020,<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-51235105\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-51235105<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC \u2013 More coronavirus myths to ignore. Reality Check tackles misleading health advice being shared online, https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news<\/p>\n<p>BBC \u2013 Covid-19: The history of pandemics, By Bryan Walsh, 26th March 2020, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200325-covid-19-the-history-of-pandemics\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Covid-19: The history of pandemics<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC \u2013 Why children are not immune to Covid-19, By Michelle Fernandes, 1st April 2020, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200330-coronavirus-are-children-immune-to-covid-19\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Why children are not immune to Covid-19<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC \u2013 Coronavirus: Why death and mortality rates differ, By Martha Henriques, 2nd April 2020, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC \u2013 Recovering from coronavirus: Three harrowing stories of surviving Covid-19, By Anna<\/p>\n<p>Collinson Health Correspondent, 2 April 2020, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-52124554\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recovering from coronavirus: Three harrowing stories of surviving Covid-19<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC &#8211; Millions of people around the world have lost their jobs amid the current Covid-19 crisis. How should you handle your emotional reaction?, By Fowler, D. 28th March 2020, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/worklife\/article\/20200327-unemployment-during-coronavirus-the-psychology-of-job-loss\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Unemployment during coronavirus: The psychology of job loss<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC \u2013 Coronavirus: How can you stop an \u2018infodemic\u2019?, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/av\/stories-52118949\/coronavirus-how-can-you-stop-the-spread-of-misinformation\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coronavirus: How can you stop the spread of misinformation?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC &#8211; Covid-19 has profoundly different outcomes for men and women \u2013 and not just in terms of their health. For a virus that infects people indiscriminately, why does gender have such an effect?, By Henriques, M. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200409-why-covid-19-is-different-for-men-and-women\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Why Covid-19 is different for men and women<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC &#8211; Hay fever or coronavirus: The symptoms compared, By Foster, L., 20 April,\u00a0 2020, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/av\/health-52319536\/hay-fever-or-coronavirus-the-symptoms-compared\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hay fever or coronavirus: The symptoms compared<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC &#8211; The ancient practice of self-isolation, Coronavirus, 14 April 2020, Video by Alice Carfrae and Nisha Rai Kasell, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/reel\/video\/p089f57w\/the-ancient-practice-of-self-isolation\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The ancient practice of self-isolation<\/a><\/p>\n<p>BBC \u2013 Coronavirus: Will Covid-19 speed up the use of robots to replace human workers?, by Thomas, Z., 19 April, 2020 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-52340651\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coronavirus: Will Covid-19 speed up the use of robots to replace human workers?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>World Economic Forum &#8211; How long does coronavirus live on surfaces? Experts explain,<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2020\/03\/this-is-how-long-coronavirus-lives-on-surfaces\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How long coronavirus survives on surfaces &#8211; and what it means for handling money, food and more<\/a><\/p>\n<p>WHO &#8211; Coronavirus disease (covid-19) Pandemic, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/euobserver.com\/coronavirus\/147903\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WHO warning on lockdown mental health<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Smithsonian Magazine\u00a0 &#8211; SMARTNEWS Keeping you current. A Guide to What to Know About COVID-19, By Wu, K.J. March 2,2020, updated March 6, 2020, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/everything-you-need-know-about-covid-19-180974313\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Guide to What to Know About COVID-19<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Euronews &#8211; New coronavirus not the real killer: it\u2019s the patient\u2019s immune system damaging vital organs, By Rafael Cereceda \u2022 last updated: 10\/04\/2020 \u2013 12:13 \u2013<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2020\/04\/09\/understanding-covid-19-the-unknown-disease-with-multiple-faces\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New coronavirus not the real killer: it&#8217;s the patient&#8217;s immune system damaging vital organs<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Euronews &#8211; What we know and don\u2019t know about the COVID-19 coronavirus, By Rafael Cereceda \u2022 last updated: 01\/04\/2020,<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2020\/03\/27\/what-we-know-and-don-t-know-about-the-covid-19-coronavirus\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What we know and don&#8217;t know about the COVID-19 coronavirus<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Euronews &#8211; First results published on coronavirus drug treatment show promise, but more information is needed, By Lauren Chadwick \u2022 last updated: 11\/04\/2020 \u2013 17:37,\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2020\/04\/11\/first-results-published-on-coronavirus-drug-treatment-show-promise-but-more-information-is\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">First results published on coronavirus drug treatment show promise, but more information is needed<\/a><\/p>\n<p>New York Times &#8211; I Spent a Year in Space, and I Have Tips on Isolation to Share. Take it from someone who couldn\u2019t: Go outside, By Scott Kelly <b>\u2013 <\/b>a retired NASA astronaut who spent nearly a year on the International Space Station, March 21, 2020, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/21\/opinion\/scott-kelly-coronavirus-isolation.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Opinion | I Spent a Year in Space, and I Have Tips on Isolation to Share<\/a><\/p>\n<p>WHO &#8211; My Hero is You \u2013 How Kids can Fight Covid-19 &#8211; \u00a9IASC, 2020. This publication was published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/igo\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/igo<\/a>), <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/interagencystandingcommittee.org\/system\/files\/2020-04\/My%20Hero%20is%20You%2C%20Storybook%20for%20Children%20on%20COVID-19.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">My Hero is You &#8211; how kids can fight COVID-19!<\/a><\/p>\n<p>WHO \u2013 Global Research on Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) &#8211; <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Global research on coronavirus disease (COVID-19)<\/a><\/p>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"info-esentiale\">II. Informa\u021bii esen\u021biale despre virusul SARS-CoV-2 \u0219i boala Covid-19<\/h3>\n<p>Virusul care provoac\u0103 boala face parte din <strong>familia Coronavirusuri<\/strong> (cel de-al \u0219aptelea tip care evolueaz\u0103 cu patologie uman\u0103 \u0219i cel de-al treilea tip care produce un tablou clinic sever dup\u0103 SARS-CoV \u0219i MERS-CoV-1 (Lai \u0219i colab., 2019 cita\u021bi de Cecarelli \u0219i colab., 2020). Acest tip de Coronavirus este unul <strong>nou pentru sistemul imunitar uman<\/strong>. Este \u00eenrudit genetic cu SARS-CoV care a provocat epidemia din 2003 \u0219i care e un virus cu un grad de letalitate mai crescut, dar nu la fel de contagios ca noul Coronavirus. Bolile pe care le provoac\u0103 cele dou\u0103 virusuri, sunt diferite (OMS, Q&amp;A, 2020 8 Aprilie).<\/p>\n<p>Virusul <strong>probabil a fost transmis de la animal la om<\/strong>. P\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu se cunoa\u0219te \u0219i nu se controleaz\u0103 sursa infec\u021biei, aceasta poate s\u0103 reapar\u0103 pe aceea\u0219i cale (OMS, Q&amp;A, 2020 8 Aprilie). Este un virus despre care cercet\u0103torii au dovedit c\u0103 exista \u00een natur\u0103 (nu a fost produs \u00een laborator). Exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a fi evoluat \u00een r\u00e2ndul unor animale, prin selec\u021bie natural\u0103, la starea de patogenitate pe care o vedem, sau s\u0103 se fi dezvoltat \u00een aceast\u0103 manier\u0103 dup\u0103 ce a f\u0103cut saltul de la animal la om (Andersen \u0219i colab., 2020).<\/p>\n<p>Produce <strong>boala numit\u0103 Covid-19<\/strong> (care a ap\u0103rut \u00een ultima lun\u0103 a anului 2019, \u00een China, ora\u0219ul Wuhan, provincia Hubei), numit\u0103 \u0219i sindrom respirator acut sever de tip 2.<\/p>\n<p>Virusul prezint\u0103 <strong>un serios poten\u021bial de contagiune<\/strong> (mai mare dec\u00e2t virozele sezoniere). Contagiunea se produce \u00eendeosebi la nivelul mucoaselor &#8211; oculare, nazale, bucale. Modul primar de transmitere \u00eel constituie particulele de secre\u021bie respiratorie emise prin cavitatea bucal\u0103 \u0219i nazal\u0103 sub form\u0103 de str\u0103nut, tuse, expira\u021bie. Aceste microparticule sunt fie inhalate, fie preluate prin contact fizic cu suprafe\u021bele pe care au ajuns sau cu o persoan\u0103 care prezint\u0103 infec\u021bia. Particulele pot rezista \u0219i pe sol \u0219i \u00een aer. (OMS; BBC, Euronews). Este luat\u0103 \u00een calcul transmiterea \u0219i prin fecale, poate \u0219i alte fluide corporale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Perioada de incuba\u021bie<\/strong> este \u00een medie de 14 zile. Simptomele se pot manifesta \u0219i dup\u0103 primele 3 sau 5-6 zile, sau pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 doar dup\u0103 24 de zile dup\u0103 infectare. <strong>Virusul poate supravie\u021bui pe diferite tipuri de suprafe\u021be<\/strong> pe o durat\u0103 de timp cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre c\u00e2teva ore \u0219i c\u00e2teva zile &#8211; depinz\u00e2nd de mai mul\u021bi factori de mediu. Riscul de a contacta boala prin manipularea de pachete care vin din zone \u00een care s-a raportat existen\u021ba virusului, este mic \u2013 (WHO, Q&amp;A, 8 Aprilie, 2020).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Simptomele bolii<\/strong> (WHO \u2013 Q&amp;A, 8 Aprilie 2020):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>febr\u0103, oboseal\u0103, tuse seac\u0103<\/li>\n<li>dureri, congestie nazal\u0103, mucozitate nazal\u0103, dureri de g\u00e2t, diaree<\/li>\n<li>1 din 5-6 persoane dezvolt\u0103 forme severe a bolii \u0219i se confrunt\u0103 cu probleme respiratorii. Datele publicate de OMS (Coronavirus, 2020) arat\u0103 c\u0103:<\/li>\n<li>cei mai mul\u021bi oameni se confrunt\u0103 cu o form\u0103 a bolii \u00een care problemele respiratorii se prezint\u0103 la un nivel u\u0219or-moderat<\/li>\n<li>riscul pentru forme severe o au persoanele \u00eenv\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i persoanele care se confrunt\u0103 cu boli cronice (\u00eendeosebi diabet zaharat, boli cardio-vasculare, boli pulmonare, boli care au afectat sistemul imunitar, neoplazii).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cereceda (2020, Euronews):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>jum\u0103tate din persoanele infectate nu prezint\u0103 simptome dar sunt purt\u0103tori ai bolii<\/li>\n<li>cei mai mul\u021bi dintre cei care prezint\u0103 simptome au simptome moderate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Roger Parades (citat de Cereceda, 2020) descrie 3 stadii ale bolii infec\u021bioase :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Faza viral\u0103 \u2013 \u00een care virusul se replic\u0103 \u0219i care cauzeaz\u0103 simptome similare cu virozele sezoniere; \u00een circa 80% din cazuri simptomele se remit \u00een 6-10 zile<\/li>\n<li>Faza pulmonar\u0103 \u2013 20% din cazuri dezvolt\u0103 pneumonie (prin afectarea ambilor pl\u0103m\u00e2ni) \u0219i se confrunt\u0103 cu Sindromul de detres\u0103 respiratorie acut\u0103 sever\u0103 \u2013 din acest motiv au nevoie de ventila\u021bie artificial\u0103 pentru un timp, pentru a putea supravie\u021bui.<\/li>\n<li>Faza sever\u0103 \u2013 circa 10% din pacien\u021bi dezvolt\u0103 furtuna de citokine (reac\u021bie hiper-inflamatorie necontrolat\u0103 a sistemului imunitar) \u00een urma c\u0103reia o parte din oameni se confrunt\u0103 hipercitokinemie \u0219i insuficien\u021b\u0103 multipl\u0103 de organe cauzatoare de deces.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Boala la un num\u0103r mai mic de persoane poate afecta \u0219i sistemul nervos central. Extrem de probabil c\u0103 afectarea capacit\u0103\u021bii de olfac\u021bie \u0219i a celei gustative se datoreaz\u0103 acestei afect\u0103ri. La o parte din pacien\u021bi afectarea capacit\u0103\u021bii de respira\u021bie se datoreaz\u0103 problemelor neurologice \u0219i nu celor pulmonare (Cerceda, 2020). Alif Salef director executiv de la Schiefers Medicine arat\u0103 c\u0103 s-a ajuns la predic\u021bia potrivit c\u0103reia boala poate afecta \u0219i sistemul reproductiv at\u00e2t la femei, c\u00e2t \u0219i la b\u0103rba\u021bi (Wakefield, 18 Aprilie, 2020).<\/p>\n<p>Tratamentul pentru boala Covid-19 (OMS, 2020 \u2013 Q&#038;A on coronaviruses (COVID-19) )<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antibioticele nu ajut\u0103, deoarece este vorba de un patogen de natur\u0103 viral\u0103, nu bacterian\u0103. Antibioterapia se ofer\u0103 numai \u00een cazul \u00een care exist\u0103 \u0219i o infec\u021bie bacterian\u0103 \u0219i acesta este prescris doar de medici de specialitate<\/li>\n<li>Nu exist\u0103 dovezi referitoare la faptul c\u0103 exist\u0103 medicamente care s\u0103 previn\u0103 (vaccinul) sau s\u0103 vindece boala Covid-19 (antivirale specifice bolii). Tratamentul este simptomatic \u0219i de sus\u021binere a func\u021biilor vitale. Sunt administrate diferite tipuri de medicamente antivirale care sunt utilizate \u00een cazul \u00eemboln\u0103virilor ca Ebola, malaria, SIDA, boli reumatologice. Antibiotice se administreaz\u0103 \u00een cazul \u00een care viroza este \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 \u0219i de infec\u021bii bacteriene. Morelle (20 Aprilie 2020) arat\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een mai multe spitale din SUA \u0219i din UK medicii au \u00eenceput transfuziile cu plasm\u0103 din s\u00e2ngele pacien\u021bilor vindeca\u021bi de  boal\u0103, miz\u00e2ndu-se pe efectul benefic posibil \u00een cazurile severe ale bolii, pe anticorpii care se g\u0103sesc \u00een plasma acestora. Acest tratament a mai fost utilizat \u0219i \u00een cazul infec\u021biilor cu Ebola \u0219i SARS. Medicii nu cred c\u0103 va avea o eficien\u021b\u0103 foarte crescut\u0103, dar p\u00e2n\u0103 la apari\u021bia medicamentelor care se dovedesc a vindeca boala, merit\u0103 \u00eencercat orice ceea ce poate ajuta, m\u0103car \u00eentr-o anumit\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103. <\/li>\n<li>Cecret\u0103tori plin de o hot\u0103r\u00e2re f\u0103r\u0103 de precedent, a c\u0103ror simpl\u0103 adunare la un loc \u00een mod normal ar fi necesitat conceperea unei documenta\u021bii timp de un an de zile, \u00een urma unor \u00eent\u00e2lniri desf\u0103\u0219urate prin platforma Zoom, au accelerat lucrurile. Ceea ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00een ultimele 3 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u0103ni \u00een mod normal ar fi durat o jum\u0103tate de an. Fiecare a contribuit cu ce a putut. Totodat\u0103 \u00een cercetarea medicamentelor pentru vindecarea bolii este implicat\u0103 \u0219i tehnologia din sfera Inteligen\u021bei Artificiale (ca de exemplu Oxford Based Exscientia, Healx \u2013 o companie Cambridge. \u00cen SUA parteneriatul dintre Northeastern University&#8217;s Barabasi Labs, Harvard Medical School, Stanford Network Science Institute  Schipher Medicine). Trei c\u0103i de c\u0103utare a medicamentului\/medicamentelor care pot vindeca boala au fost coroborate: accesarea \u00eentregii literaturi curente despre boal\u0103, studierea ADN-lui \u0219i a a structurii virsului, respectiv c\u00e2nt\u0103rirea gradului de adecvare a diferitelor medicamente. IA are un rol extrem de important \u00een procesarea cantit\u0103\u021bii imense de date cu o mare vitez\u0103, av\u00e2nd pe de o parte capacitatea de a detecta corela\u021bii de ordine superioare, pe de-alt\u0103 parte poate accesa mici bi\u021bi de informa\u021bii independente care ar putea conduce la posibile solu\u021bii care ar putea fi trecute cu vederea prin abord\u0103ri tradi\u021bionale. \u00cen cur\u00e2nd vor fi accesibile liste \u00eentregi de medicamente propuse pentru tratamentul \u021binit al bolii. \u00cen asemenea situa\u021bii dou\u0103 lucruri sunt posibile, producerea unui nou medicament care de regul\u0103 necesit\u0103 ani de zile, sau combinarea unor medicamente deja existente, care constituie calea mai rapid\u0103 (Wakefield, 18 Aprilie, 2020). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Au fost descrise cazuri \u00een care pacien\u021bi vindeca\u021bi s-au repozitivat, dar \u00eenc\u0103 nu exist\u0103 concluzii clare referitor la acest fapt. \u00cen cazul MERS-CoV reinfectarea nu este prezent\u0103 la scurt timp dup\u0103 vindecare, dar \u00eenc\u0103 nu se cunosc suficiente despre imunizarea pacien\u021bilor infecta\u021bi cu SARS-CoV-2 (Center for Dieses Control and Prevention, 2020).<\/p>\n<p>Mai mai multe \u021b\u0103ri lucreaz\u0103 la el. Un control cu adev\u0103rat securizant se a\u0219teapt\u0103 de la introducerea unui vaccin.<\/p>\n<p>Este prematur ca medici s\u0103 se pronun\u021be referitor la sechelele cu care se pot confrunta persoanele care au prezentat forma sever\u0103 a bolii \u0219i au supravie\u021buit. Servick (2020, Science) arat\u0103 c\u0103 sechelele pot fi de natur\u0103 fizic\u0103, cognitiv\u0103 \u0219i psihic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Nu se \u0219tie \u00eenc\u0103 sigur dac\u0103 se dob\u00e2nde\u0219te sau nu imunitate \u0219i dac\u0103 da, pentru c\u00e2t timp dup\u0103 ce cineva se recupereaz\u0103 din boal\u0103. Testele de anticorpi vor putea ajuta la elucidarea acestui fapt (Parades, 2020, citat de Cereceda). <\/p>\n<p>Distan\u021barea social\u0103, izolarea la domiciliu, utilizarea s\u0103punului, igiena constituie principalele m\u0103suri de siguran\u021b\u0103 care au contribuit la sc\u0103derea num\u0103rului de \u00eemboln\u0103viri.<\/p>\n<p>Centrul European de Control al Bolilor (Cereceda, 2020) avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eenainte de relaxarea restric\u021biei privind circula\u021bia liber\u0103 \u2013 statele s\u0103 se asigure c\u0103 dispun de teste suficiente \u0219i de \u00eencredere \u0219i pot asigura evaluarea \u0219i gestionarea consecin\u021belor epidemiologice.<\/p>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"raspunsul-la-stres\">III. R\u0103spunsul la stres \u00een condi\u021bii de criz\u0103 pandemic\u0103 \u0219i strategii de coping posibile<\/h3>\n<p>Reac\u021bia persoanelor la stres este diferit\u0103 depinz\u00e2nd de background-ul personal, inclusiv de tr\u0103s\u0103turi care fac o persoan\u0103 s\u0103 fie diferit\u0103 de-alte persoane<\/p>\n<p>Persoanele expuse la reac\u021bii de stres mai intense, sunt:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Persoanele care prezint\u0103 un risc mai crescut de a fi \u00een pericol vital \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care contacteaz\u0103 Coronavirusul (persoanele v\u00e2rstnice, persoanele care au morbidit\u0103\u021bi multiple)<\/li>\n<li>Copiii \u0219i adolescen\u021bii<\/li>\n<li>Persoanele care prin natura profesiei lor se confrunt\u0103 cu un grad de expunere crescut \u0219i foarte crescut (cadre medicale, poli\u021bi\u0219ti, transportatori etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Persoanele care se confrunt\u0103 cu o vulnerabilitate psihic\u0103, tulbur\u0103ri psihice<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00cen plus:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Persoanele care se expun \u00een prea mare m\u0103sur\u0103 bombardamentului de \u0219tiri despre virus \u2013 ceea ce are efect imediat asupra st\u0103rii psihice<\/li>\n<li>Persoanele care \u00ee\u0219i pierd temporar locul de munc\u0103 sau se confrunt\u0103 cu o reducere a veniturilor; Persoanele care \u0219i-au p\u0103strat locurile de munc\u0103 dat trebuie s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 muncii de acas\u0103 al\u0103turi de sarcinile vie\u021bii de zi cu zi<\/li>\n<li>Persoanele care se confrunt\u0103 cu intimitate personal\u0103 mai redus\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Persoane care convie\u021buiesc al\u0103turi de membrii ai familiei care prezint\u0103 comportament violent (frecven\u021ba cu care au fost accesate liniile de urgen\u021b\u0103 arat\u0103 o cre\u0219tere a frecven\u021bei actelor de violen\u021b\u0103 domestic\u0103)<\/li>\n<li>Persoane cu boli cronice sau acute serioase c\u0103rora le este fric\u0103 s\u0103 acceseze serviciile medicale, sau au acces insuficient la medicamente, servicii medicale<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>De fapt este firesc ca \u00eentr-o anumit\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 marea majoritate a oamenilor s\u0103 se confrunte cu nelini\u0219te.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Apari\u021bia anxiet\u0103\u021bii este normal\u0103 chiar \u0219i \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care focarul este la distan\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<li>R\u0103spunsul anxios este mai mare \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care persoane semnificative au o expunere mai mare<\/li>\n<li>Monitorizarea propriei st\u0103ri de stres este important\u0103 \u00een perioada crizei epidemice<\/li>\n<li>Cunoa\u0219terea simptomelor stresului, identificarea exacerb\u0103rii, cunoa\u0219terea modului \u00een care se poate realiza ameliorarea reac\u021biei de stres \u00een cazul propriei persoane \u0219i a celor din proximitate, identificarea situa\u021biei \u00een care este important s\u0103 se solicite ajutor de specialitate.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"forma-de-burnout\">IV. Burnoutul \u00een timpul pandemiei SARS-CoV-2 \u2013 unele particularit\u0103\u021bi<\/h3>\n<p>Lufkin (2020) arat\u0103 c\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>munca de acas\u0103 \u0219i echilibristica realizat\u0103 \u00eentre sarcini de munc\u0103 \u0219i sarcini casnice acompaniate de o serie de dileme \u00eenainte inexistente<\/li>\n<li>termene limit\u0103 legate de munc\u0103; mesaje de pretutindeni referitoare la faptul ca perioada aceasta s\u0103 fie utilizat\u0103 cu sens<\/li>\n<li>epuizarea survine pe c\u0103i cu totul noi din c\u00e2teva cauze:\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Epuizarea provocat\u0103 de sarcina de a alegere<\/strong> (exhaustion of choice, Janna Koretz):\n<ul>\n<li>avalan\u0219a de informa\u021bii cu care e greu de \u021binut pasul, \u0219i care prin natura lor sunt dificil de integrat<\/li>\n<li>confruntarea cu decizii care frecvent trebuie luate rapid \u00eentr-un context aflat \u00een schimbare<\/li>\n<li>presiunea de lua decizii \u00een\u021belepte care pot facilita r\u0103m\u00e2nerea \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<li>navigare \u00eentre m\u0103suri de siguran\u021b\u0103 care pot implica grani\u021ba dintre via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i moarte \u0219i asigurarea rutinelor zilnice devenite complicate \u0219i care necesit\u0103 monitorizare \u0219i planificare nemai\u00eent\u00e2lnite<\/li>\n<li>dileme etice neobi\u0219nuite (inclusiv privind modul de procurare \u0219i de asigurare a hranei)<\/li>\n<li>efortul permanent de a structura ziua, priorit\u0103\u021bile, grani\u021bele \u00eentre munc\u0103 \u0219i via\u021ba de familie \u00een locuin\u021bele \u00een care oamenii s-au izolat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stresul datorat schimb\u0103rii realit\u0103\u021bii \u00een care tr\u0103im &#8211; s-au pierdut o parte din strategiile de coping obi\u0219nuite:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>socializarea; accesul la evenimente culturale<\/li>\n<li>exerci\u021bii \u00een aer liber; accesul \u00een natur\u0103, \u00een exterior<\/li>\n<li>mersul la biseric\u0103, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Eforturi intense realizate \u00een vederea achizi\u021bion\u0103rii rapide a unor strategii de coping noi \u2013 pot favoriza burnoutul<\/li>\n<li>Expecta\u021biile de genul c\u0103 acest timp ar trebui folosit pentru a \u00eencheia proiecte vechi neterminate (unele majore), sau de a \u00eencepe rapid altele de care nu a fost niciodat\u0103 timp, de\u0219i sunt dorite \u2013 poate exacerba anxietatea legat\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 acest timp nu este corect\/suficient de oductiv petrecut, nemul\u021bumirea \u0219i burnoutul<\/li>\n<li>De fapt este nerealist ca \u00een aceste vremuri s\u0103 se produc\u0103 performan\u021be superioare, \u00een modul anterior descris, celor anterioare crizei epidemice<\/li>\n<li>Evitarea epuiz\u0103rii fizice, psihice nenecesare este important\u0103 (Lotte Dyrbye). A se vedea \u0219i capitolul nr. XII (<a href=\"#ancore-specialisti\">Ancore pentru speciali\u0219ti \u03c8<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"modificari-la-nivel-psihic\">V. Modific\u0103ri posibile la nivel psihic generate de frica de contagiune<\/h3>\n<p>Robson (2020) discut\u0103 despre consecin\u021bele de la nivel psihic \u0219i comportamental ale fricii de contagiune.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/forest.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto-image-1\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-7975\" src=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/forest-300x206.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/forest-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/forest-1024x703.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/forest-768x527.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/forest-1536x1054.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/forest.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Dat fiind poten\u021bialul lor de a produce efecte negative \u2013 este indicat s\u0103 fie automonitorizate<\/p>\n<p>Dat fiind poten\u021bialul lor de a produce efecte negative \u2013 este indicat s\u0103 fie automonitorizate<\/p>\n<p>Sunt datorate <strong>sistemului imunitar comportamental<\/strong> \u2013 descris de Mark Schaller \u2013 capacitatea individului de a detecta din mediu prezen\u021ba parazi\u021bilor induc\u0103tori de boli \u0219i angajarea \u00een comportamente care s\u0103 reduc\u0103 contactul cu sursa pericolului<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cre\u0219terea nevoii de conformism; atitudini sociale mai conformiste; sc\u0103derea toleran\u021bei fa\u021b\u0103 de excentricitate<\/li>\n<li>Intensificarea xenofobiei, a rasismului<\/li>\n<li>Judec\u0103\u021bi morale mai tran\u0219ante, radicale<\/li>\n<li>Schimbarea preferin\u021belor politice<\/li>\n<li>Schimbarea atitudinii fa\u021b\u0103 de imigrare<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sistemului imunitar psihologic<\/strong> \u2013 o redutabil\u0103 resurs\u0103, de regul\u0103 necunoscut\u0103, subestimat\u0103 de oameni, care faciliteaz\u0103 managementul situa\u021biilor dificile, adaptarea la stres \u2013 Daniel Gilbert, Timothy Wilson -; acest sistem lucreaz\u0103 la cotele cele mai mari c\u00e2nd stresul este intens \u0219i cronic)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Intre sistemul imunitar fiziologic, cel comportamental \u0219i cel psihologic exist\u0103 interinfluen\u021b\u0103ri complexe potrivit unor studii.<\/strong><\/p>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"factori-ingreunatori\">VI. Factori care \u00eengreuneaz\u0103 admiterea confrunt\u0103rii cu real\u0103 o situa\u021bie de criz\u0103<\/h3>\n<p>Neil Westein a fost primul care \u00een 1980 a publicat un articol despre distorsiunea cognitiv\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de optimism (optimis bias), ar\u0103t\u00e2nd \u00eenclina\u021bia uman\u0103 spre perceperea unei probabilit\u0103\u021bi mai crescute \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te survenirea unor evenimente pozitive raportate la propria persoan\u0103, respectiv a unei probabilit\u0103\u021bi mai reduse \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te survenirea unor evenimente negative comparativ cu cazul altora. Shelley E. Taylor \u0219i Jonathan D. Brown \u00een 1988 au publicat  un articol despre iluziile pozitive \u0219i rela\u021bia acestora cu starea de bine psihic\u0103 \u0219i cu s\u0103n\u0103tatea mental\u0103, respectiv cu comportamente pro-sociale. Taylor \u0219i Brown au citat o serie de cercet\u0103ri care atestau existen\u021ba \u0219i importan\u021ba iluziilor pozitive \u00een sfera cogni\u021biilor umane normale. Autorii ar\u0103tau c\u0103 evaluarea exagerat de pozitiv\u0103 a propriei persoane, o percep\u021bie exagerat\u0103 a controlului \u0219i a st\u0103p\u00e2nirii (mastery), respectiv optimismul au un impact pozitiv asupra altor elemente care promoveaz\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tatea mental\u0103, printre care: abilitatea de raportare cu p\u0103sare, grij\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 al\u021bii, abilitatea de fi fericit, mul\u021bumit, abilitatea de angajare \u00een munc\u0103 productiv\u0103. Ratelle \u015fi colab. (2004) aratau c\u0103 exist\u0103 o corela\u0163ie negativ\u0103 \u00eentre prezen\u0163a acestor distorsiuni cognitive pozitive de intensitate medie \u015fi depresie. Tali Sharot (2011) afirm\u0103 c\u0103 abilitatea de a estima ceea ce se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla \u00een viitor este deoasebit de important\u0103. Aceasta influen\u021beaz\u0103 deciziile prin care omul caut\u0103 evitarea a ceea ce \u00eei poate d\u0103una \u0219i ob\u021binererea a ceea ce are valoare de recompens\u0103. La prima vedere ar p\u0103rea firesc ca o capacitate de evaluare realist\u0103 s\u0103 slujeasc\u0103 cel mai bine acest scop. \u00cens\u0103 studiile indic\u0103 altceva, existen\u021ba  &#8211; \u00een circa a 80% din popula\u021bie &#8211; a unei pervasive, extem de robuste distorsiuni cognitive \u00een direc\u021bia optimismului, nu a realismului. Biasarea optimist\u0103 este definit\u0103 de Sharot prin diferen\u021ba dintre expecta\u021biile unei persoane privind deznod\u0103m\u00e2ntul unui eveniment \u0219i realitatea a\u0219a cum se va dovedi aceasta \u00een final. Diferen\u021ba const\u00e2nd \u00een acest caz \u00eentr-o percep\u021bie mai pozitiv\u0103 dec\u00e2t realitatea. Dac\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 invers \u2013 realitatea se dovede\u0219te ca fiind mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t expecta\u021biile legate de aceasta \u2013 atunci se poate vorbi de distorsiunea cognitiv\u0103 produs\u0103 \u00een sensul pesimismului. Cercet\u0103ri recente au \u00eencercat s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la dou\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri importante: 1. prin ce se explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 optimismul se men\u021bine de-a lungul unei vie\u021bi \u00een prezen\u021ba unor serii de experien\u021be de via\u021b\u0103 care \u00eel contrazic (adic\u0103 de ce nu cedeaz\u0103 optimismul \u00een fa\u021ba realit\u0103\u021bii?); 2. din ce motiv ar putea fi adaptativ\u0103 aceast\u0103 disrorsiune?. R\u0103spunsul la prima \u00eentrebar\u0103 conform cercet\u0103rilor lui Sharot (2011) const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 oamenii \u00ee\u0219i aduc la zi convingerile \u00een mod selectiv \u2013 re\u021bin\u00e2nd \u00een mai mare m\u0103sur\u0103 acele informa\u021bii care sus\u021bin optimismul, \u0219i \u00een mai mic\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 informa\u021biile care contrazic predic\u021biile lor optimiste. Aceast\u0103 selectivitate este mediat\u0103 de e\u0219ecul regiunii lobului frontal de a coda erorile de predic\u021bie, care ar reduce optimismul (p. 943). \u00cen schimb, c\u00e2nd informa\u021bia cu care se confrunt\u0103 indivizii este mai benefic\u0103 pentru propria persoan\u0103, comparativ cu cea pe care au estimat-o, persoanele puternic, dar \u0219i mai pu\u021bin optimiste encodeaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 informa\u021bie. Sunt studii \u00een curs care au drept scop \u00een\u021belegerea mecanismelor implicate \u00een depresie, dat fiind c\u0103 \u00een timp ce mecaismul encod\u0103rii selective a informa\u021biei pozitive func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la persoanele psihic s\u0103n\u0103toase, acest fapt pare a nu func\u021biona, sau a func\u021biona \u00een sens invers \u2013 adic\u0103 a encod\u0103rii slective a informa\u021biei negative \u2013 \u00een cazul persoanelor cu depresie. Optimismul totoad\u0103 are leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u0219i cu convingerea legat\u0103 de capacitatea de a influen\u021ba, controla deznod\u0103m\u00e2ntul. Este dovedit faptul c\u0103 persoanele s\u0103n\u0103toase psihic prezint\u0103 tendin\u021ba de a supraestima capacitatea de a controla deznod\u0103m\u00e2ntul unor evenimente importante. Martin Seligman a ar\u0103tat rela\u021bia existent\u0103 dintre percep\u021bia lipsei de control \u0219i depresie, respectiv a ceea ce \u00een 1972 a numit neajutorarea \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat\u0103. Tot el a scris o carte \u00een 1990 (2006) despre optimismul \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat (tradus cu titlul Optimismul se \u00eenva\u021b\u0103). \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te r\u0103spunsul la cea de a doua \u00eentrebare, Sharot (2011) arat\u0103 c\u0103 o mul\u021bime de studii din psihologia \u0219i economia clasic\u0103 arat\u0103 c\u0103 optimismul este mai favorabil s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii psihice dec\u00e2t evaluarea nebiasat\u0103 a realit\u0103\u021bii (adic\u0103 capacitatea de a aprecia realist situa\u021biile).  Biasarea \u00een direc\u021bia optimismului este vital\u0103 din punctul de vedere al s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii psihice, dar are un efect benefic \u0219i asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii fizice (at\u00e2t prin mecanisme imunitare influen\u021bate de reducerea stresului \u0219i a anxiet\u0103\u021bii, c\u00e2t \u0219i prin comportamente care favorizeaz\u0103 un stil de via\u021b\u0103 mai s\u0103n\u0103tos ca de exemplu alimenta\u021bia s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 \u0219i exerci\u021biul fizic \u2013 realizate din cauza \u00eencrederii c\u0103 acestea influen\u021beaz\u0103 \u00een sensul dorit deznod\u0103m\u00e2ntul). McKay \u0219i Dennett (cita\u021bi de Sharot, 2011) sus\u021bin c\u0103 iluziile optimiste reprezint\u0103 singurul grup de convingeri eronate care sunt adaptative (p. 944). Sharot (2011) \u00eens\u0103 atrage aten\u021bia asupra faptului c\u0103 optimisul excesiv poate fi \u0219i periculos deoarece poate conduce la subestimarea riscului, ceea ce poate determina comportamente periculoase \u0219i astfel poate deveni chiar d\u0103un\u0103tor. Aceea\u0219i autoare noteaz\u0103 c\u0103 modele ale bias\u0103rii predic\u021biei ca \u0219i cel a lui Johnson \u0219i Fowler arat\u0103 c\u0103 m\u0103sura optimismului (a deficitului de realism) poate s\u0103 cresc\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de incertitudine, oamenii prezent\u00e2nd tendin\u021ba de a fi cei mai biasa\u021bi \u00een situa\u021bii \u00een care se confrunt\u0103 cu cele mai mari necunoscute. Sharot arat\u0103 c\u0103 biologii ca Varki, Brown dar \u0219i al\u021bii sunt de p\u0103rere c\u0103 \u00een absen\u021ba acestor iluzii pozitive evolu\u021bia umanit\u0103\u021bii ar fi putut ajunge la sf\u00e2r\u0219it. Biologul Amit Varki (2009) citeaz\u0103 ideea geneticianului Denny Brown referitor la faptul c\u0103 odat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia con\u0219tien\u021bei de sine la om, a ap\u0103rut \u0219i con\u0219tientizarea mor\u021bii \u0219i a mortalit\u0103\u021bii \u2013 aceasta din urm\u0103 fiind o capacitate specific uman\u0103. Brown era de p\u0103rere c\u0103 singurul mod \u00een care se putea produce selec\u021bia de c\u0103tre natur\u0103 a acestei propriet\u0103\u021bi unice a omului, a fost emergen\u021ba simultan\u0103 al\u0103turi de acestea \u0219i \u201da unor mecanisme neuronale de negare a mor\u021bii\u201d (Varki, 2009, p. 684). Brown era de p\u0103rere c\u0103 \u00een absen\u021ba acestora con\u0219tientizarea condi\u021biei de muritor ar fi generat o fric\u0103 at\u00e2t de cople\u0219itoare \u00eenc\u00e2t aceasta s-ar fi constituit o \u00eentr-o \u201dbarier\u0103 evolu\u021bionar\u0103\u201d de tip fund\u0103tur\u0103 (p. 684). <\/p>\n<p>Rezultatele acestor studii merit\u0103 puse \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 at\u00e2t cu confruntarea omenirii cu SARS-CoV-2, c\u00e2t \u0219i cu raportarea omenirii la propria planet\u0103. <\/p>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"simptomele-stresului\">VII. Simptome ale stresului<\/h3>\n<h4>\u00cen cazul adul\u021bilor<\/h4>\n<p><strong>La nivel comportamental:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>O cre\u0219tere sau sc\u0103dere a nivelului energetic, a nivelului de activitate<\/li>\n<li>O cre\u0219tere a consumului de-alcool, tutun, a drogurilor ilicite<\/li>\n<li>Sc\u0103derea sau cre\u0219terea excesiv\u0103 a apetitului<\/li>\n<li>O cre\u0219tere a iritabilit\u0103\u021bii \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de izbucniri de m\u00e2nie \u0219i certuri frecvente<\/li>\n<li>Dificultate \u00een a se ob\u021bine relaxarea, dificultatea de a dormi<\/li>\n<li>Pl\u00e2ns frecvent<\/li>\n<li>\u00cengrijorare excesiv\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Dorin\u021ba de a fi a singur(\u0103) \u00een marea parte a timpului<\/li>\n<li>Blamarea celorlal\u021bi pentru aproape orice<\/li>\n<li>Dificultatea de a comunica, de a asculta pe ceilal\u021bi<\/li>\n<li>Dificultatea de a accepta ajutor<\/li>\n<li>Dificultatea de a sim\u021bi pl\u0103cere, dificultatea de a se distra<\/li>\n<li>Tendin\u021ba de a stoca \u00een mod excesiv produse<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>La nivel corporal:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dureri de stomac, diaree<\/li>\n<li>Cefalee, alte tipuri de dureri<\/li>\n<li>Pierderea apetitului sau apetit prea mare<\/li>\n<li>Transpira\u021bie, frisoane<\/li>\n<li>Tremor, fascicula\u021bii (twitches)<\/li>\n<li>Tres\u0103riri la stimuli u\u0219or<\/li>\n<li>Agravarea bolilor cronice existente<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>La nivel emo\u021bional:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anxietate, team\u0103, senza\u021bia de pierdere a controlului<\/li>\n<li>Depresie, triste\u021be, sentiment de neajutorare<\/li>\n<li>Sentiment de vinov\u0103\u021bie<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e2nie<\/li>\n<li>Sentimentul de a fi erou, euforie, senza\u021bia de a nu fi vulnerabil<\/li>\n<li>Nep\u0103sare (fa\u021b\u0103 de orice), blazare<\/li>\n<li>Sentiment de cople\u0219ire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>La nivel cognitiv:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dificultatea de reamintire a lucrurilor<\/li>\n<li>Sentiment de confuzie<\/li>\n<li>Dificultatea de a g\u00e2ndi clar, dificultatea de concentrare, fug\u0103 de idei<\/li>\n<li>Dificultatea de a lua decizii<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dac\u0103 aceste simptome <strong>persist\u0103 timp de mai multe zile \u00een continuu sau mai multe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u0103ni, dac\u0103 distrestul este puternic<\/strong> \u2013 este indicat\u0103 accesarea unor surse de sprijin psihologic.<\/p>\n<p>Accesarea sprijinului de specialitate este necesar\u0103 dac\u0103 persoana \u00een cauz\u0103 sau cineva din anturajul acesteia <strong>amenin\u021b\u0103 cu omucidere sau suicid , dac\u0103 vorbe\u0219te, scrie despre dorin\u021ba de a muri, de a se sinucide<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00cen cazul copiilor \u0219i adolescen\u021bilor<\/h4>\n<div class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grasses-big-meadows.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto-image-2\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grasses-big-meadows-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/media\/images\/grasses-big-meadows-shenandoah-national-park-virginia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Credit Samuel H. Austin (hidrolog)<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Pl\u00e2ns, iritare excesive<\/li>\n<li>Retragere excesiv\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Comunicarea simbolic\u0103 a stresului (prin joc, produse ale activit\u0103\u021bii, metafore)<\/li>\n<li>Regresie (re\u00eentoarcere la comportamente pe care le-au dep\u0103\u0219it sub aspectul dezvolt\u0103rii achizi\u021biilor: udarea patului, suptul degetului etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Comportamente de c\u0103utare intens\u0103, de durat\u0103, a ata\u0219amentului<\/li>\n<li>Teama de \u00eentuneric<\/li>\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri de somn; co\u0219maruri<\/li>\n<li>\u00cengrijorare \u0219i\/sau triste\u021be excesive<\/li>\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri ale apetitului\/ obiceiuri alimentare \u0219i de somn nes\u0103n\u0103toase<\/li>\n<li>Iritabilitate \u0219i comportamente de tip \u201cacting out\u201d la adolescen\u021bi<\/li>\n<li>Sc\u0103derea performan\u021bei \u0219colare, evitarea \u0219colii \u0219i a sarcinilor<\/li>\n<li>Cre\u0219terea frecven\u021bei conflictelor \u00een cadrul rela\u021biilor<\/li>\n<li>Dificult\u0103\u021bi de aten\u021bie \u0219i de concentrare<\/li>\n<li>Evitarea activit\u0103\u021bilor care erau pl\u0103cute \u00een trecut<\/li>\n<li>Dureri de cap \u0219i alte tipuri de dureri care nu au explica\u021bie fizic\u0103. Somatiz\u0103ri<\/li>\n<li>Comportament delincvent<\/li>\n<li>Consum de-alcool, tutun, droguri<\/li>\n<li>Alte modific\u0103ri semnificative fa\u021b\u0103 de felul de a fi al copilului\/adolescentului<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"strategii-reducere\">VIII. Strategii de reducere a stresului (modalit\u0103\u021bi de coping posibile)<\/h3>\n<p>Este foarte important s\u0103 se aloce timp pentru a avea grij\u0103 de propria persoan\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Strategiile de mai jos sunt mult mai u\u0219or de formulat dec\u00e2t de realizat.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nu sunt exhaustive \u0219i nu toate se potrivesc tuturor. Unele sunt mai potrivite pentru anumite etape ale procesului de confruntare cu visului SARS-Cov-2, dec\u00e2t altele.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd cineva totu\u0219i face eforturi repetate de a aplica dintre aceste strategii ceea ce i se potrive\u0219te, prin perseveren\u021b\u0103 poate constata beneficiile.<\/p>\n<p>Aceste idei nu sunt menite s\u0103 se constituie \u00eentr-o re\u021bet\u0103. Fiecare cunoa\u0219te cel mai bine propria persoan\u0103 \u0219i este indicat s\u0103 se bazeze at\u00e2t c\u00e2t este posibil pe vechile strategii \u0219i s\u0103 se inspire din cele ce urmeaz\u0103 pentru a-\u0219i construi strategii noi dac\u0103 acest lucru e necesar. Personalizarea modalit\u0103\u021bilor de a face fa\u021b\u0103 stresului este foarte important\u0103. Strategii \u2013 personalizarea este esen\u021bial\u0103<\/p>\n<p><strong>Strategii \u2013 personalizarea este esen\u021bial\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Structurarea unui program zilnic<\/li>\n<li>Informare corect\u0103 pentru a fi la zi cu ceea ce este important. Limitarea clar\u0103 a timpului investit \u00een aceast\u0103 activitate. Dac\u0103 a devenit cople\u0219itoare informarea, adresarea rug\u0103min\u021bii unei persoane de \u00eencredere de a furniza cele mai importante informa\u021bii noi.<\/li>\n<li>Selectarea surselor de \u00eencredere (mass media, persoane), aten\u021bie la \u0219tirile false<\/li>\n<li>P\u0103strarea perspectivei asupra faptului c\u0103 aceast\u0103 criz\u0103 se va termina. Chiar dac\u0103 nu \u0219tim exact c\u00e2nd, dar se va termina. Omenirea s-a mai confruntat de-a lungul istoriei sale cu crize majore. Oamenii la nivel de individ, familii, comunit\u0103\u021bi au \u00eenfruntat vicisitudini.<\/li>\n<li>Men\u021binerea \u00een centrul focaliz\u0103rii a faptului c\u0103 incertitudinea provoac\u0103 de regul\u0103 team\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 absen\u021ba certitudinii asupra a ceea ce este lini\u0219titor, dorit etc. nu este echivalent\u0103 cu prezen\u021ba a ceea ce este cel mai de temut<\/li>\n<li>Identificarea acelor aspecte asupra c\u0103rora nu exist\u0103 posibilitate de control (durata crizei epidemice, comportamentul altor oameni, ce se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla exact cu propria persoan\u0103, cei dragi, cu comunitatea, care vor fi efectele acestei pandemii asupra stilului nostru de via\u021b\u0103 etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Str\u0103dania activ\u0103 pentru a accepta ceea ce nu poate fi controlat, deoarece c\u0103utarea r\u0103spunsurilor la \u00eentreb\u0103ri care \u00eenc\u0103 nu au r\u0103spuns \u0219i care sunt \u00eentr-o mare dinamic\u0103, ruminarea asupra contextelor care sunt \u00een afara controlului personal conduce la pierdere de timp \u0219i energie \u00een absen\u021ba rezultatului dorit \u0219i conduce de fapt la efecte negative<\/li>\n<li>Inventarierea propriilor puncte forte \u0219i vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een gestionarea situa\u021biilor dificile<\/li>\n<li>Str\u0103dania con\u0219tient\u0103 de comutare a aten\u021biei, g\u00e2ndurilor de pe aspecte care sunt \u00een afara controlului personal pe lucruri care pot fi influen\u021bate de propria persoan\u0103 \u2013 pas cu pas<\/li>\n<li>Conceperea treptat\u0103, f\u0103c\u00e2nd pauze, dac\u0103 dintr-o dat\u0103 este prea cople\u0219itor, a unei liste cu lucrurile care anxieteaz\u0103 cel mai mult \u2013 contextualizarea anxiet\u0103\u021bii (\u00eemboln\u0103virea personal\u0103, a celor dragi, teama de a nu r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een via\u021b\u0103, teama de suferin\u021ba din timpul bolii, cum vor fi \u00eengriji\u021bi copiii, ce fel de experien\u021be de via\u021b\u0103 vor avea \u00een cazul \u00een care ajung temporar \u00een grija unor persoane necunoscute; pierderea locului de munc\u0103, cre\u0219terea dezordinii \u00een comunitate, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Reflectarea asupra modului \u00een care evenimentele, experien\u021bele de via\u021b\u0103 din trecut cum anume influen\u021beaz\u0103 modul \u00een care se gestioneaz\u0103 cognitiv, emo\u021bional \u0219i comportamental aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie<\/li>\n<li>Identificarea realist\u0103 a motivelor de relativ\u0103 lini\u0219tire, relativ\u0103 mul\u021bumire pentru ceea ce exist\u0103 \u00een prezent \u00een contextul propriei vie\u021bi\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>Realizarea \u00een scris a unui plan clar, concret care s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 c\u00e2t mai multe solu\u021biile posibile la problemele identificate, f\u0103r\u0103 a c\u0103uta solu\u021bia perfect\u0103. Merit\u0103 inventariate toate solu\u021biile realiste; b. asigurarea tuturor medicamentelor pentru care exist\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103 pentru 2 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni; c. notarea \u00een scris a pa\u0219ilor care sunt necesar de parcurs \u00een cazul \u00een care se contacteaz\u0103 boala pentru a le avea la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103, dac\u0103 va fi cazul;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Depunerea de efort con\u0219tient \u00een vederea nerelu\u0103rii la nesf\u00e2r\u0219it, p\u00e2n\u0103 la epuizare a planului odat\u0103 realizat. Dac\u0103 nu \u00eei mai pot fi aduse \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri, atunci nu trebuie reg\u00e2ndit din nou \u0219i din nou, deoarece ruminarea epuizeaz\u0103 \u0219i nu contribuie de fapt la cl\u0103direa planului<\/li>\n<li>Realizarea diferen\u021bei dintre scenarii negative plauzibile \u0219i cele nerealiste, n\u0103scute din temeri personale (de cele mai multe ori influen\u021bate de trecutul personal). Confruntarea ra\u021bional\u0103 cu scenariile cele mai de temut \u00een timp ce se p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u00een minte c\u0103 este vorba de un scenariu, nu de ceea ce se petrece \u00een realitate<\/li>\n<li>P\u0103strarea \u00een minte a faptului c\u0103 nu tot ceea ce este posibil se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla cu certitudine. Str\u0103dania de a men\u021bine focalizarea realist\u0103 asupra probabilit\u0103\u021bii producerii acelor fenomene<\/li>\n<li>Stoparea g\u00e2ndurilor de tip dac\u0103 &#8230;. atunci, care pot s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la cre\u0219terea semnificativ\u0103 a anxiet\u0103\u021bii \u0219i care favorizeaz\u0103 riscul ca aceste scenarii s\u0103 fie tr\u0103ite ca \u0219i cum este cert c\u0103 se vor \u00eent\u00e2mpla \u00een realitateDac\u0103 \u00eencepe s\u0103 se instaleze o anxietate cresc\u00e2nd\u0103 merit\u0103 comutarea aten\u021biei de la acest tip de g\u00e2nduri la prezent, o ancorare c\u00e2t mai puternic\u0103 \u00een prezent\/grounding (prin aten\u021bia acordat\u0103 regl\u0103rii ritmului respirator, a stimulilor familiali sau pl\u0103cu\u021bi din jur: sunete, mirosuri, lucruri familiare, pl\u0103cute, semnificative emo\u021bional, prezen\u021ba celor dragi; sau dac\u0103 aceste lucruri nu exist\u0103 \u00een contextul actual, atunci identificarea elementelor lini\u0219titoare din mediu; recurgerea la amintiri care pot avea acest efect, chiar \u0219i par\u021bial) \u0219i de reorientare a aten\u021biei asupra propriului corp<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Inventarierea \u0219i apoi utilizarea acelor activit\u0103\u021bi, exerci\u021bii care pot s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la a lua o pauz\u0103, la relaxare muscular\u0103 \u0219i la rec\u00e2\u0219tigarea calmului interior (relativ), deoarece anxietarea, alerta prelungit\u0103 conduce la costuri mari pe plan fizic, mental, emo\u021bional, comportamental<\/li>\n<li>Gospod\u0103rirea judicioas\u0103 a propriilor resurse. A se asigura timp \u0219i pentru propria refacere, grij\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de propria persoan\u0103, inclusiv retragere pentru a fi doar \u00een compania propriei persoane\n<ul>\n<li>evitarea supra-stimul\u0103rii cu scopul de a redirec\u021biona aten\u021bia \u00een mod excesiv de la g\u00e2nduri, sentimente dificile<\/li>\n<li>c\u0103utarea posibilit\u0103\u021bii de a petrece timp \u00een compania propriei persoane \u00een lini\u0219te la modul personal semnificativ<\/li>\n<li>angajarea \u00een activit\u0103\u021bi care faciliteaz\u0103 reflectarea<\/li>\n<li>crearea de condi\u021bii pentru conectarea profund\u0103 la propria persoan\u0103<\/li>\n<li>alocare de resurse pentru auto-reglarea emo\u021bional\u0103 prin surse proprii<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Dup\u0103 realizarea unor activit\u0103\u021bi stresante \u2013 asigurarea pe c\u00e2t este posibil a unei pauze, a unor activit\u0103\u021bi gratificante<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0C\u0103utarea activ\u0103 (permisiunea oferit\u0103 sie\u0219i, negociat\u0103 cu ceilal\u021bi) de a realiza activit\u0103\u021bi care au sens, produc o stare de bine, de lini\u0219te interioar\u0103<\/li>\n<li>P\u0103strarea conexiunii chiar \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care nu se poate face de la persoan\u0103 la persoan\u0103. Petrecerea de timp plin de sens cu cei dragi, exprimarea sentimentelor fa\u021b\u0103 de cei dragi, a recuno\u0219tin\u021bei, \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219irea cu ei a ceea ce se consider\u0103 a fi important de transmis; reconectarea prin amintiri la experien\u021be semnificative avute cu cei dragi; p\u0103strarea perspectivei posibilit\u0103\u021bii continu\u0103rii rela\u021biei \u00een viitor<\/li>\n<li>Identificarea unor persoane din propriul anturaj cu care se poate vorbi \u00een mod real, autentic de \u00eengrijor\u0103ri. Monitorizarea gradului de \u00eempov\u0103rare la care ar putea fi supus interlocutorul \u00een urma dialogului. C\u0103utarea dob\u00e2ndirii unui echilibru \u00een acest sens<\/li>\n<li>Identificarea persoanelor din propriul anturaj cu care se poate vorbi \u0219i despre alte subiecte dec\u00e2t despre criza epidemic\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Str\u0103dania activ\u0103 de conectare la ceva ce transcende propria persoan\u0103 (ceva ce este dincolo de propria persoan\u0103, mai mare, mai important dec\u00e2t aceasta, sau ceva din care propria persoan\u0103 este parte)<\/li>\n<li>Evitarea consumului excesiv de-alcool, cafein\u0103, tein\u0103, tutun; evitarea auto-medicaliz\u0103rii; evitarea consumului de droguri<\/li>\n<li>Continuarea tratamentul psihoterapeutic, respectiv cel medicamentos prescris de medicul psihiatru<\/li>\n<li>Asigurarea unui program de somn, odihn\u0103; alimenta\u021bie echilibrat\u0103; realizarea regulat\u0103 de exerci\u021bii fizice, de medita\u021bie, mindfulness, yoga, practici spirituale, conducerea unui jurnal pe timp de criz\u0103 (scris de m\u00e2n\u0103, format electronic \u00eenserat cu imagini, link-uri etc.); p\u0103strarea conexiunii cu natura prin ceea ce se poate observa \u00een exterior r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd c\u00e2t mai mult posibil \u00een interior \u0219i prin urm\u0103rirea de documentare despre natur\u0103, reconectarea prin amintiri la locuri preferate (familiare, vizitate sau nevizitate)<\/li>\n<li>C\u0103utarea, identificarea \u0219i conectarea la modele personale, care pot constitui o autentic\u0103 surs\u0103 de inspira\u021bie (persoane din propria familie \u2013 actual\u0103, de origine, extins\u0103; prieteni, etc., persoane cunoscute dar cu care nu a existat o rela\u021bie personal\u0103, personaje din literatur\u0103, filme, personaje imaginare etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Rostirea, povestirea \u00een cadrul familiei, implic\u00e2nd nu doar pe cei care sunt de fa\u021b\u0103 \u00een persoan\u0103 \u2013 a povestirilor despre cum au f\u0103cut fa\u021b\u0103 concret membrii familiei la mari dificult\u0103\u021bi, pericole. Evocarea a ceea ce se \u0219tie undeva \u00een ad\u00e2ncuri despre cum se poate face fa\u021b\u0103 la dificult\u0103\u021bi majore, amenin\u021b\u0103ri care p\u00e2n\u0103 nu demult, nu au avut relevan\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Reflectarea asupra propriei existen\u021be, asupra vie\u021bii de p\u00e2n\u0103 acum \u2013 derivarea unor concluzii personal relevante<\/li>\n<li>Reflectarea asupra faptului dac\u0103 confruntarea cu aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie dificil\u0103 a adus la suprafa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i unele resurse \u0219i vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi persoanele neb\u0103nuite; C\u0103utarea identific\u0103rii rela\u021biei dintre acestea \u0219i propriul trecut, cu variabile, fenomene importante din perspectiva devenirii proprii<\/li>\n<li>(Re)conectarea la valorile personale profunde; definirea unui motto personal care are relevan\u021b\u0103 \u00een aceste vremuri<\/li>\n<li>Identificarea dac\u0103 confruntarea cu criza epidemic\u0103 a condus la schimb\u0103ri fundamentale \u00een viziunea asupra propriei persoane, a altora, a omenirii, a vie\u021bii<\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 e cazul reorganizarea priorit\u0103\u021bilor, decantarea unor \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103minte (importante din perspectiva viitorului posibil, respectiv \u00een perspectiva de a fi \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219ite cuiva care le-ar considera utile, valoroase)<\/li>\n<li>C\u0103utarea exprim\u0103rii prin simboluri (grafice, metafore verbale, vizuale etc.) a ceva semnificativ pentru propria persoan\u0103 din confruntarea cu aceast\u0103 criz\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Reflectarea din perspectiva observatorului, a descoperitorului asupra modului \u00een care diferitele culturi, omenirea se str\u0103duie s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 acestei crize pandemice; cultivarea unor raport\u0103ri pline de curiozitate, de viu interes fa\u021b\u0103 de cum r\u0103spund oamenii \u0219i omenirea la aceast\u0103 provocare<\/li>\n<li>Str\u0103dania de ab\u021binere de la blamarea semenilor care recurg la comportamente gre\u0219ite, reprobabile. \u00cen privin\u021ba comportamentelor<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 periculoase luarea de atitudine s\u0103 se produc\u0103 \u00een limitele valorilor umaniste, a civismului \u0219i a respect\u0103rii legii, apel\u00e2nd la autorit\u0103\u021bile care sunt \u00een drept s\u0103 gestioneze situa\u021biile respective<\/li>\n<li>Nepierderea din vedere a faptului c\u0103:\n<ul>\n<li>\u00een situa\u021bii de criz\u0103, poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 nevoia de a g\u0103si vinova\u021bi (f\u0103r\u0103 vin\u0103 real\u0103) din cauza toler\u0103rii cu dificultate a dificult\u0103\u021bilor, pierderilor asupra c\u0103rora nu exist\u0103 control personal<\/li>\n<li>to\u021bi cei care sunt afecta\u021bi de boal\u0103 merit\u0103 sprijin, grij\u0103, ocrotire, cre\u0219terea \u0219anselor lor de supravie\u021buire<\/li>\n<li>este important\u0103 ab\u021binerea de la limbajul patologizant, stigmatizant (\u201dinfecta\u021bi\u201d, \u201dfamiliile infectate\u201d, \u201dvictime\u201d) \u2013 \u00een realitate este vorba de persoane \u0219i familii, comunit\u0103\u021bi etc. bolnave de &#8230;. afectate de &#8230;<\/li>\n<li>solidaritatea uman\u0103 conteaz\u0103 \u2013 at\u00e2t c\u00e2t e posibil \u0219i nu pune \u00een pericol echilibrul personal \u2013 angajarea \u00een a-i ajuta, sprijini pe ceilal\u021bi \u2013 este un lucru valoros<\/li>\n<li>\u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219irea informa\u021biilor privind epidemia s\u0103 fie cantitativ echilibrat\u0103 (pentru a nu agresa), s\u0103 fie din surse valide, profesioniste; este de ajutor s\u0103 se centreze pe subiecte diverse (de ex. despre virus, preven\u021bie, simptome, tratamente g\u0103site, vindec\u0103ri, pove\u0219ti ale unor oameni care realmente inspir\u0103, eforturi comunitare pentru a rezolva probleme etc.)<\/li>\n<li>onorarea eforturilor cadrelor medicale \u0219i ale altor categorii de profesioni\u0219ti cu expunere crescut\u0103, care ajut\u0103 ca societatea s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u00een continuare la modul civilizat<\/li>\n<li>str\u0103dania activ\u0103 de a \u00een\u021belege faptul c\u0103 persoanele care se confrunt\u0103 cu declin cognitiv, cu diferite vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi psihice se pot confrunta cu dificult\u0103\u021bi mai mari de adaptare la aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie<\/li>\n<li>criza epidemic\u0103 va avea un sf\u00e2r\u0219it, nu se \u0219tie exact c\u00e2nd, dar se \u0219tie c\u0103 va avea un sf\u00e2r\u0219it<\/li>\n<li>nu trebuie luate acum toate deciziile, doar acele decizii care se impun. Alte decizii este \u00een\u021belept s\u0103 se ia dup\u0103 ce dimensiuni majore ale vie\u021bii se stabilizeaz\u0103, tabloul cuprinz\u0103tor devine accesibil<\/li>\n<li>deciziile care trebuie luate s\u0103 nu fie luate \u00een stare de panic\u0103, anxietate crescut\u0103<\/li>\n<li>uneori a nu face nimic (a nu ac\u021biona) este de fapt a face ceva<\/li>\n<li>la cap\u0103tul confrunt\u0103rii cu aceast\u0103 criz\u0103 nu vor fi doar pierderi ci \u0219i o serie de c\u00e2\u0219tiguri personale (strategii noi de a face fa\u021b\u0103, cre\u0219terea rezilien\u021bei, a robuste\u021bii, a flexibilit\u0103\u021bii, etc.), \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea personal\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Con\u0219tientizarea \u0219i antrenamentul capacit\u0103\u021bii de acceptare a faptului c\u0103 este aproape inevitabil ca aceast\u0103 criz\u0103 s\u0103 nu afecteze direct prin greut\u0103\u021bi, pierderi propria persoan\u0103, familia, comunitatea, stilul de via\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Cultivarea speran\u021bei realiste, inclusiv \u00een miezul situa\u021biilor dificile \u0219i foarte dificile\n<ul>\n<li>cu fiecare zi, fiecare zi care trece prin distan\u021bare social\u0103, izolare, carantin\u0103 \u2013 suntem mai aproape de finalul acestei crize<\/li>\n<li>oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o mul\u021bime de categorii de profesioni\u0219ti se str\u0103duie din r\u0103sputeri \u0219i aceste str\u0103danii vor da roade<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Completarea paletei cu ceea ce personal e relevant \u0219i nu apare \u00een aceast\u0103 sintez\u0103<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Cultivarea cu minte clar\u0103, disciplin\u0103 a alegerii propriei atitudini \u00een fa\u021ba provoc\u0103rilor, vicisitudinilor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"ancore-convietuire-izolare\">IX. Ancore pentru convie\u021buirea \u00een familii \u00een condi\u021bii de izolare autoimpus\u0103, izolare impus\u0103, carantin\u0103<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Nepierderea din vedere a faptului c\u0103 pierderile persoanele, limitarea spa\u021biului personal poate s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la iritabilitate, la dificult\u0103\u021bi de comunicare \u00een cuplu \u0219i \u00eentre membrii familiei<\/li>\n<li>Acordarea unei aten\u021bii suplimentare comunic\u0103rii. Aceasta este foarte important\u0103 de regul\u0103, dar acum \u00een mod deosebit (discu\u021bii despre sentimente, probleme de rezolvat, planuri de f\u0103cut etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Adul\u021bii s\u0103 acorde aten\u021bie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>evit\u0103rii presupunerii faptului c\u0103 fiecare \u0219tie ce simte, cum face fa\u021b\u0103 cel\u0103lalt<\/li>\n<li>abord\u0103rii deschise \u0219i cooper\u0103rii \u00een privin\u021ba modului \u00een care membrii cuplului, adul\u021bii din cadrul familiei pot s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 provoc\u0103rii<\/li>\n<li>discut\u0103rii \u00een particular a problemelor, dilemelor de care este important s\u0103 fie proteja\u021bi copiii<\/li>\n<li>explicit\u0103rii clare a nevoii de timp personal (\u0219i c\u0103utarea \u00een cadrul locuin\u021bei a unui col\u021b \u00een acest scop), str\u0103daniei active de a \u00een\u021belege perspectiva celuilalt, negocierii cu empatie a satisfacerii nevoilor fiec\u0103ruia, \u00een mod c\u00e2t mai echitabil<\/li>\n<li>evitarea escalad\u0103rii conflictului \u00een cazul unor certuri \u2013 anun\u021barea suspend\u0103rii unilaterale a discu\u021biei \u0219i p\u0103r\u0103sirea \u00eenc\u0103perii pentru a nu se \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021bi situa\u021bia, cel\/cea care recurge la aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 e important s\u0103 expliciteze c\u0103tre partener(\u0103) c\u0103 va propune reluarea discu\u021biei imediat ce emo\u021biile puternice vor fi lini\u0219tite<\/li>\n<li>planificarea unui timp pl\u0103cut de petrecut \u00eempreun\u0103. Chiar dac\u0103 este posibil doar t\u00e2rziu noaptea, atunci c\u00e2nd copiii dorm. At\u00e2t c\u00e2t e posibil, c\u0103utarea creativ\u0103 a modalit\u0103\u021bilor prin care timpul petrecut \u00eempreun\u0103 s\u0103 fie unul semnificativ pentru ambii membrii ai cuplului<\/li>\n<li>stabilirea unor sarcini clare pentru membrii familiei. Copiii este important s\u0103 fie implica\u021bi, dar este foarte puternic indicat s\u0103 se evite at\u00e2t solicitarea excesiv\u0103 a lor cu sarcini (cantitativ \u0219i calitativ superioare a ceea ce este potrivit pentru v\u00e2rsta lor), precum \u0219i implicarea lor \u00een rolul de a fi confiden\u021bii p\u0103rin\u021bilor \u00een teme care \u00eei privesc pe adul\u021bi<\/li>\n<li>adul\u021bii s\u0103 acorde aten\u021bia cuvenit\u0103 \u0219i gestion\u0103rii conflictelor care apar \u00eentre ei \u0219i copiii lor, respectiv a celor care apar \u00eentre copii<\/li>\n<li>str\u0103dania activ\u0103 pentru a fi buni unul cu cel\u0103lalt.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"ancore-gestionare-stres-copii\">X. Ancore pentru gestionarea stresului la copii \u0219i adolescen\u021bi<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0218i copiii reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 nu doar la con\u021binut ci \u0219i la modul \u00een care li comunic\u0103 ceva\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>adultul e important s\u0103 fie un model de a face fa\u021b\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bilor; copiii observ\u0103 comportamentul adul\u021bilor \u0219i preiau modalit\u0103\u021bi de a face fa\u021b\u0103 propriului distres \u00een func\u021bie de ceea ce percep la adul\u021bii semnificativi<\/li>\n<li>asigurarea copilului despre faptul c\u0103 adul\u021bii din familie fac tot ce pot pentru ca to\u021bi membrii acesteia s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i men\u021bin\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tatea; dac\u0103 e adev\u0103rat, reamintirea faptului c\u0103 to\u021bi cei din familie sunt s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i; asigurarea lor de faptul c\u0103 \u0219i mul\u021bi oameni str\u0103ini, necunoscu\u021bi lupt\u0103 pentru a men\u021bine c\u00e2t mai mul\u021bi oameni s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i, pentru a-i ajuta pe cei care au nevoie<\/li>\n<li>adul\u021bii s\u0103 asculte cu aten\u021bie ce simt copiii \u2013 facilitarea externaliz\u0103rii ideilor, tr\u0103irilor, experien\u021belor semnificative prin desen sau prin scris, prin conducerea unui jurnal \u00een cazul adolescen\u021bilor<\/li>\n<li>adul\u021bii pot selecta cu grij\u0103 pove\u0219ti (basme tradi\u021bionale de preferin\u021b\u0103) cu ajutorul c\u0103rora s\u0103 se normalizeze frica cu care eroii se confrunt\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd fac fa\u021b\u0103 diferitelor pericole care amenin\u021b\u0103 via\u021ba, sau pove\u0219ti din care s\u0103 reias\u0103 importan\u021ba capacit\u0103\u021bii noastre de a sim\u021bi fric\u0103 (caracterul adaptativ al acesteia); familia poate crea pove\u0219ti \u00eempreun\u0103<\/li>\n<li>copiii au nevoie de mai mult\u0103 grij\u0103, aten\u021bie, apropiere emo\u021bional\u0103 de adul\u021bi \u2013 satisfacerea nevoilor lor de ata\u0219ament poate fi realmente solicitant\u0103 pentru adul\u021bi<\/li>\n<li>copiii din gimnaziu \u0219i adolescen\u021bii pot fi ghida\u021bi cu o perspectiv\u0103 care mai degrab\u0103 s\u0103 le trezeasc\u0103 curiozitatea fa\u021b\u0103 de natur\u0103, de modul \u00een care aceasta \u201dfunc\u021bioneaz\u0103\u201d, acumul\u00e2nd cuno\u0219tin\u021be adecvate v\u00e2rstei, \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi neexcesive despre care apoi s\u0103 discute cu adul\u021bii din familii<\/li>\n<li>copiii \u0219i adolescen\u021bii pot dob\u00e2ndi strategii de coping \u0219i \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care ascult\u0103 pove\u0219tile adul\u021bilor din familie despre rezilien\u021b\u0103, optimism, speran\u021b\u0103, referitoare la cum au f\u0103cut fa\u021b\u0103 unor provoc\u0103ri majore, amenin\u021b\u0103toare \u00eenainta\u0219ii (p\u0103rin\u021bii, bunicii, str\u0103bunicii, sau pur \u0219i simplu oamenii din vremuri (str\u0103)vechi \u2013 de pe vremea altor epidemii majore ca pesta bubonic\u0103, gripa spaniol\u0103, poliomielita, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>adul\u021bii pot aduce argumente copiilor referitoare la faptul c\u0103 practic niciodat\u0103 nu a fost omenirea mai abilitat\u0103 (datorit\u0103 progresului \u0219tiin\u021bific \u0219i tehnologic, comunica\u021bional) pentru a salva c\u00e2t mai multe vie\u021bi, ca \u00een prezent \u2013 chiar dac\u0103 din cauza deficitului de materiale de protec\u021bie, medicamente, ventilatoare etc. realitatea este cea de suprasolicitare \u0219i insuficien\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<li>adul\u021bii pot sprijini copii \u0219i adolescen\u021bii \u0219i prin atragerea realist\u0103 a aten\u021biei acestora asupra modului \u00een care oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, cadrele din sistemul medical, autorit\u0103\u021bile iau m\u0103suri concrete pentru a proteja popula\u021bia (\u00eentreaga popula\u021bie, f\u0103r\u0103 discriminare)<\/li>\n<li>copii \u0219i adolescen\u021bii pot s\u0103 gestioneze mai bine stresul dac\u0103 \u00een\u021beleg m\u0103surile, sunt ghida\u021bi, ajuta\u021bi s\u0103 le respecte, primesc sarcini potrivite v\u00e2rstei lor \u2013 pentru a putea \u00een mod real s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i aduc\u0103 propria contribu\u021bie \u2013 cre\u0219te sentimentul de importan\u021b\u0103, sens a ceea ce ei pot oferi, percep\u021bia controlului asupra a ceea ce este controlabil<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Atitudine, cald\u0103, calm\u0103 \u0219i timp alocat pentru a interac\u021biona cu copiii; Adultul s\u0103 se asigure c\u0103 pot veni copiii pentru a pune cu \u00eencredere \u00eentreb\u0103ri; \u00eencurajare explicit\u0103 (evitarea detaliilor nenecesare \u00een r\u0103spuns); copiii uneori nu pun \u00eentreb\u0103ri din cauza confuziei; aten\u021bie acordat\u0103 la ciclul informa\u021bie\u2014\u00eentrebare\u2014joc\u2013repeti\u021bie<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Evitarea limbajului care poate balama pe al\u021bii \u0219i stigmatiza (ras\u0103, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Asigurarea de informa\u021bie onest\u0103, acurat\u0103, potrivit\u0103 nivelului developmental; asigurarea de faptul c\u0103 \u00een\u021beleg copiii c\u0103 nu toate informa\u021biile care circul\u0103 \u00een media \u0219i pe www sunt acurate; informa\u021bii oneste; explica\u021bii simple, clare; adultul s\u0103 se informeze la zi<\/li>\n<li>S\u0103 se asigure aten\u021bie la ce aud, v\u0103d copiii prin media (timp controlat; prea mult\u0103 expunere la informa\u021bie poate cre\u0219te anxietatea); evitarea pe c\u00e2t posibil a informa\u021biei care developmental nu este potrivit\u0103; gestionarea situa\u021biilor \u00een care totu\u0219i copiii intr\u0103 \u00een contact cu informa\u021bie cople\u0219itoare pentru ei; copiii mai mari \u0219i adolescen\u021bii pot fi expu\u0219i la mult\u0103 mesaje false \u2013 nevoie de a \u0219ti \u0219i de a le combate<\/li>\n<li>Explica\u021bii simple, clare:\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>SARS-CoV-2 \u2013 virus nou despre care oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, medicii \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o fac rapid<\/li>\n<li>mul\u021bi oameni pot fi doar r\u0103ci\u021bi, s\u0103 aib\u0103 grip\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103, nu Coronavirusul de tip nou<\/li>\n<li>Virusul poate \u00eemboln\u0103vi mul\u021bi oameni (\u00een cea mai mic\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 copii, adolescen\u021bi, tineri); cei mai mul\u021bi dintre cei mul\u021bi care se \u00eemboln\u0103vesc se fac bine; la o parte dintre ei le este tare r\u0103u, au dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie \u0219i cadrele medicale se str\u0103duie din greu s\u0103 \u00eei ajute; nu pot ajuta chiar pe toat\u0103 lumea \u0219i o parte mor, dar cei mai mul\u021bi dintre ei se fac bine<\/li>\n<li>cu adolescen\u021bii &#8211; discu\u021bii oneste, realiste, adecvate v\u00e2rstei, aten\u021bie la informa\u021biile false<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Informa\u021bii \u2013 care e nevoie s\u0103 fie reamintite copiilor, adolescen\u021bilor:\n<ol type=\"a\">\n<li>s\u0103 stea deoparte de omeni care tu\u0219esc, au nasul \u00eenfundat; explicarea distan\u021b\u0103rii sociale; faptul c\u0103 familia urmeaz\u0103 liniile directoare elaborate de speciali\u0219ti \u0219i impuse, recomandate; explicarea curbei de infectare \u2013 utilizarea de material vizual<\/li>\n<li>dac\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 str\u0103nute s\u0103 o fac\u0103 \u00een batista de unic\u0103 folosin\u021b\u0103 sau \u00een plica cotului<\/li>\n<li>explicarea m\u0103surilor luate<\/li>\n<li>supravegherea modului \u00een care se spal\u0103 pe m\u00e2ini (dup\u0103 tu\u0219it, suflat nas, exterior): 20 de secunde, ap\u0103 cald\u0103, modul \u00een care s\u0103 o fac\u0103; dezinfectan\u021bi pe baz\u0103 de clor \u0219i alcool de concentra\u021bie de minim 65%<\/li>\n<li>demonstrarea, \u00eenso\u021birea respira\u021biei profunde \u2013 lini\u0219tire<\/li>\n<li>timp pre\u021bios, distractiv, interesant petrecut cu familia \u2013 proiecte pline de sens; jocuri \u00een familie; facilitarea conexiunii online cu grupul de v\u00e2rst\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>stabilirea unui program, a unei rutine \u2013 inclusiv timp petrecut \u00een lini\u0219te<\/li>\n<li>identificarea unor activit\u0103\u021bi care prezint\u0103 importan\u021b\u0103, au sens pentru cei din jur \u2013 scrisori c\u0103tre vecini care pot fi singuri; pove\u0219ti citite online pentru copii<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Men\u021binerea unor rutine \u00een familie \u0219i dezvoltarea unor rutine noi<\/li>\n<li>S\u0103 p\u0103streze leg\u0103tura cu \u0219coala, profesorii, al\u021bi copii<\/li>\n<li>Monitorizarea st\u0103rii de s\u0103n\u0103tate mental\u0103 a copiilor \u0219i luarea de m\u0103suri, dac\u0103 e cazul.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"ancore-gestionare-stres-pers-vindecate\">XI. Ancore pentru munca cu persoanele izolate, eliberate din carantin\u0103, vindecate \u00een urma spitaliz\u0103rii<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Sentimente mixte (anxietate, u\u0219urare, vinov\u0103\u021bie, inclusiv vinov\u0103\u021bia supravie\u021buitorului)<\/li>\n<li>Anxietate fa\u021b\u0103 de propria s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i\/sau a celor dragi \u2013 stres experien\u021biat din cauza auto \u0219i hetero-monitoriz\u0103rii propriei st\u0103ri de s\u0103n\u0103tate<\/li>\n<li>Emo\u021bii negative din cauza confrunt\u0103rii cu frica, evitarea contactului din partea celor dragi, a prietenilor \u2013 chiar \u0219i \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care s-a dovedit faptul c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 pericol de contagiune<\/li>\n<li>Vinov\u0103\u021bie pentru nerealizarea unor sarcini (derivate din calitatea de p\u0103rinte, partener etc.) din cauza carantinei; sau pentru c\u0103 nu au putut\/nu pot proteja persoane dragi<\/li>\n<li>Evaluarea, diagnosticarea \u0219i tratarea consecin\u021belor psihice cu care persoanele se confrunt\u0103 pe termen mediu \u0219i lung.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"ancore-specialisti\">XII. Ancore pentru speciali\u0219ti din sfera \u03c8<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Recunoa\u0219terea \u0219i c\u0103utarea identific\u0103rii propriei afect\u0103ri \u00een aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie<\/li>\n<li>Cre\u0219terea timpului alocat reflect\u0103rii asupra propriei persoane \u0219i asupra propriei func\u021bion\u0103ri \u00een plan personal \u0219i profesional<\/li>\n<li>Identificarea abaterilor sau tendin\u021belor de abatere (subtile, semnificative) de la modul obi\u0219nuit de func\u021bionare; Eventual conducerea unui jurnal<\/li>\n<li>Crearea oportunit\u0103\u021bii pentru o mai profund\u0103 \u00een\u021belegere &#8211; fundamentat\u0103 dac\u0103 e cazul inclusiv pe analiza dimensiunii propriilor experien\u021bieri &#8211; a modului de func\u021bionare a unor clien\u021bi<\/li>\n<li>Reflectarea asupra propriilor strategii de coping, mecanisme de ap\u0103rare \u2013 leg\u0103tura cu istoricul developmental personal; continuarea silen\u021bioas\u0103 a muncii cu propria persoan\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Explorarea celor mai stresante aspecte ale confrunt\u0103rii cu aceast\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103; gestionarea lor, inclusiv prin recurgerea la a cere, primi \u0219i oferi sprijin \u00een dialog structurat, regulat cu un coleg\/coleg\u0103 \u2013 este puternic recomandat s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oare \u00eentr-un cadru organizat, acord\u00e2nd aten\u021bie utiliz\u0103rii echilibrate a timpului \u0219i energiei celor implica\u021bi, echitabilit\u0103\u021bii<\/li>\n<li>Con\u0219tientizarea faptului c\u0103 poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 traumatizarea secundar\u0103, vicariant\u0103, burnoutul<\/li>\n<li>Con\u0219tientizarea faptului c\u0103 pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 pierderi personale semnificative, planificarea modului \u00een care ar fi gestionate nevoile clien\u021bilor vulnerabili \u00een acea perioad\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Cultivarea con\u0219tient\u0103 a celor mai valorizate virtu\u021bi<\/li>\n<li>Focalizarea pe conduita etic\u0103, iubire, munc\u0103, frumos \u0219i speran\u021b\u0103. Stabilirea unor grani\u021be s\u0103n\u0103toase \u00een rela\u021bia cu munca<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Stabilirea unor grani\u021be s\u0103n\u0103toase \u00een rela\u021bia cu munca<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A munci de acas\u0103 \u2013 \u00eenseamn\u0103 invadarea serioas\u0103 a spa\u021biului personal, evolueaz\u0103 cu costuri la nivel psihic<\/p>\n<p>Setarea unor limite clare e la fel de important\u0103 ca \u00eenainte de munca de acas\u0103. Este recomandat ca:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pe c\u00e2t e posibil s\u0103 se amenajeze un col\u021b sau o camer\u0103 pentru lucru \u2013 pe c\u00e2t posibil, acela\u0219i<\/li>\n<li>evitarea suprasolicit\u0103rii \u2013 deoarece conduce la cre\u0219terea \u0219anselor de apari\u021bie a diferitelor probleme. Exprimarea onest\u0103 ori de c\u00e2te ori e nevoie \u0219i e posibil la modul clar, precis cu privire la sarcinile care pot fi asumate \u0219i cele care nu (adul\u021bii sunt responsabili pentru asigurarea satisfacerii propriilor nevoi); asumarea deschis\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de \u0219efi, dac\u0103 e cazul, a faptului c\u0103 a ap\u0103rut suprasolicitarea<\/li>\n<li>asigurarea de pauze rezonabile \u00een zilele de lucru<\/li>\n<li>setarea unor a\u0219tept\u0103ri rezonabile de la propria persoan\u0103<\/li>\n<li>a fi aliat al propriei persoane, nu doar al altora<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen contextul unei schimb\u0103ri f\u0103r\u0103 precedent \u00een istoria umanit\u0103\u021bii terapeu\u021bii se confrunt\u0103 cu gestionarea vie\u021bii lor personale \u00een care a p\u0103truns munca la domiciliu, cu incertitudinea, teama, cu pierderi \u0219i doliul provocat de acestea (printre alte pierderi majore sau semnificative, inclusiv pierderea modului obi\u0219nuit de lucru), tranzi\u021bia de la servicii oferite \u00een persoan\u0103 la tele-terapie \u2013 dar au de men\u021binut \u00een centrul focaliz\u0103rii muncii lor nevoile clien\u021bilor \u0219i gestionarea profesionist\u0103 a acestora \u2013 \u00een timp ce \u00een paralel gestioneaz\u0103 propriile insecurit\u0103\u021bi, provoc\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<p>Pe ce anume se pot baza \u00een aceste vremuri deosebit de \u00eempov\u0103r\u0103toare?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>formarea foarte serioas\u0103 pe care au parcurs-o<\/li>\n<li>terapeu\u021bii nu au fost preg\u0103ti\u021bi profesional pentru a gestiona aspecte legate de pandemie, dar au dob\u00e2ndit tehnici care pot fi utilizate \u0219i \u00een cazul propriei persoane \u0219i familii<\/li>\n<li>reamintirea propriilor puncte forte<\/li>\n<li>permisiunea de a sim\u021bi, de a fi \u00een contact cu propriile sentimente dificile<\/li>\n<li>solicitarea direct\u0103 de sprijin uman, colegial de la colegii, supervizorii din cadrul asocia\u021bie apartenen\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<li>intervizare, supervizare, terapie personal\u0103 \u2013 securizeaz\u0103 protec\u021bia calit\u0103\u021bii muncii cu clientul<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>\n<h3 id=\"bibliografie\">XIII. Bibliografie<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_7977\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/poppy.jpg\" data-rel=\"prettyPhoto-image-3\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/poppy-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.piqsels.com\/en\/public-domain-photo-onjin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Licence Creative Commons Zero &#8211; CC0<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Coping With Stress During Infectious Disease Outbreaks (2014) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/store.samhsa.gov\/\">https:\/\/store.samhsa.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Stress and Coping \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/daily-life-coping\/managing-stress-anxiety.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprepare%2Fmanaging-stress-anxiety.html\">Mental Health and Coping During COVID-19<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Coronavirus Anxiety: Coping with Stress, Fear, and Uncertainty (2020) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.helpguide.org\/articles\/anxiety\/coronavirus-anxiety.htm\">Coronavirus Anxiety: Coping with Stress, Fear, and Worry<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/mental-health-considerations.pdf\">Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Talking with children about Coronavirus Disease 2019. Messages for parents, school staff, and others working with children (2020), Center for Deasese Control and Prevention \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/daily-life-coping\/talking-with-children.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fcommunity%2Fschools-childcare%2Ftalking-with-children.html\">Talking with children about Coronavirus Disease 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Clinical Management of Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Conditions in Humanitarian Emergencies mhGAP Humanitarian Intervention Guide (mhGAP-HIG), (2015) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/162960\/9789241548922_eng.pdf;jsessionid=C9A9AD404893619151D2178A8CD0F603?sequence=1\">Clinical Management of Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Conditions in Humanitarian Emergencies<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Helping Children Cope With Changes Resulting From COVID-19 (2020), National Association of School Psychologists, \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasponline.org\/resources-and-publications\/resources-and-podcasts\/school-climate-safety-and-crisis\/health-crisis-resources\/helping-children-cope-with-changes-resulting-from-covid-19\">Helping Children Cope With Changes Resulting From COVID-19<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lufkin, B. (2020). How to avoid burnout amid a pandemic, BBC Worklife, 31st March 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/worklife\/article\/20200330-covid-19-how-to-learn-a-new-skill-in-coronavirus-quarantine\">How to avoid burnout amid a pandemic<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Robson,\u00a0 D. (2020). The fear of coronavirus is changing our psychology, BBC Future \u2013 2nd April 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200401-covid-19-how-fear-of-coronavirus-is-changing-our-psychology\">The fear of coronavirus is changing our psychology<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Henriques, M. (20202). Covid-19 has profoundly different outcomes for men and women \u2013 and not just in terms of their health. For a virus that infects people indiscriminately, why does gender have such an effect?, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200409-why-covid-19-is-different-for-men-and-women\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Why Covid-19 is different for men and women<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rincon, P. (16 April 2020). Coronavirus: Is there any evidence for lab release theory?, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-52318539\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coronavirus: Is there any evidence for lab release theory?<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Working Remotely During the Pandemic: Boundaries Matter (2020) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.aamft.org\/2020\/03\/working-remotely-during-the-pandemic-boundaries-matter.html?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+TheAamftBlog+%28The+AAMFT+Blog%29\">Working Remotely During the Pandemic: Boundaries Matter<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The ancient practice of self-isolation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/reel\/video\/p089f57w\/the-ancient-practice-of-self-isolation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The ancient practice of self-isolation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Support for the Therapist: Who Prepared Us for a Pandemic \u2013 Support for the Therapist: Who Prepared Us for a Pandemic, (April 03 2020) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.aamft.org\/2020\/04\/support-for-the-therapist-who-prepared-us-for-a-pandemic.html?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+TheAamftBlog+%28The+AAMFT+Blog%29\">Support for the Therapist: Who Prepared Us for a Pandemic<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(20)30628-0\/fulltext\">Mehta, P., McAuley, D.F., Brown, M.,\u00a0 Sanchez, E., Tattersall, R.S., Manson, J.J.<\/a> \u0219i colab. (2020). COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression, \u00een The Lancet, Published: March 16, 2020, DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/pdfs\/journals\/lancet\/PIIS0140-6736(20)30628-0.pdf\">COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Servick, K. (2020). For survivors of severe COVID-19, beating the virus is just the beginning, Apr. 8, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2020\/04\/survivors-severe-covid-19-beating-virus-just-beginning\">For survivors of severe COVID-19, beating the virus is just the beginning<\/a><\/li>\n<li>M. Ceccarelli, M., M. Berretta, M., Venanzi Rullo, E., Nunnari, G., B. Cacopardo, B. (2020). Editorial \u2013 Differences and similarities between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoronaVirus (CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. Would a rose by another name smell as sweet?, \u00een European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 24: 2781-2783, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europeanreview.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2781-2783.pdf\">Editorial \u2013 Differences and similarities between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoronaVirus (CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. Wo<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cereceda, R. (2020). New coronavirus not the real killer: it\u2019s the patient\u2019s immune system damaging vital organs, last updated: 10\/04\/2020 \u2013 12:13, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2020\/04\/09\/understanding-covid-19-the-unknown-disease-with-multiple-faces\">New coronavirus not the real killer: it&#8217;s the patient&#8217;s immune system<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Chadwick, L. (2020). First results published on coronavirus drug treatment show promise, but more information is needed, last updated: 11\/04\/2020 \u2013 17:37, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2020\/04\/11\/first-results-published-on-coronavirus-drug-treatment-show-promise-but-more-information-is\">First results published on coronavirus drug treatment show promise, but more information is needed<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wakefield, J. (18 April, 2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-52120747\">Coronavirus: AI steps up in battle against Covid-19<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Khadka, N.S. (20 Aprilie 2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-52351290\">Air pollution linked to raised Covid-19 death risk<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Morelle, R. (20 Aprilie 2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-52348368\">Coronavirus: Plasma treatment to be trialled<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Question and Answers on Coronavirus (WHO, 8 April 2020)\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/q-a-detail\/q-a-coronaviruses\">Q&amp;A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Coronavirus (WHO, 2020) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/coronavirus#tab=tab_1\">Coronavirus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/connect\/coronavirus-information-center\">Novel Coronavirus Information Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I.,\u00a0 Holmes, E.C., Robert F. Garry, R.F. (2020) The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2, \u00een <i>Nature Medicine<\/i>, 2020; DOI: 10.1038\/s41591-020-0820-9 citat de Scripps Research Institute. \u201eCOVID-19 coronavirus epidemic has a natural origin.\u201d ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 17 March 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2020\/03\/200317175442.htm\">COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic has a natural origin<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Calisher, C., Caroll, D., Colwell, R., Corley, D., Daszak, P., Drosten, C. at all. February 19, 2020 &#8211; Statement in support of the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals of China combatting COVID-19, The Lancet, Vol. 395, DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30418-9\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30418-9<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalacademies.org\/includes\/NASEM%20Response%20to%20OSTP%20re%20Coronavirus_February%206,%202020.pdf\">NASEM &#8211; The National Academies of Science Engineering and Medicine of the USA. NAS, NAE, and NAM presidents&#8217; letter to the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy<\/a>, Date: Feb 6, 2020<\/li>\n<li>Clinical Questions about COVID-19: Questions and Answers, Updated April 11, 2020, Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 2020, Clinical Questions about COVID-19: Questions and Answers | CDC__<\/li>\n<li>Weinstein, N. D. (1980). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.39.5.806\">Unrealistic optimism about future life events<\/a>. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 806\u2013820<\/li>\n<li>Seligman, M. (1972). Learned helplesness, Ann. Rew. Med., 23, pp. 407-412<\/li>\n<li>Seligman, M. (1990\/1998\/2006). Learned optimism,Vintage, Random House\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Sharot, T. (2011). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2011.10.030\">The optimism bias<\/a>, \u00een Current Biology, Volume 21, Issue 23, 6 December 2011, Pages\u00a0 R941-R945<\/li>\n<li>Varki, A. (2009). Human uniqueness and the denial of death, \u00een NATURE|Vol 460|6 August, 684, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/460684c.pdf\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/460684c.pdf<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Taylor, S.E. \u0219i Brown, D.J. (1988). Illusion and Well-being a Social-psychological Perspective on Mental Health, \u00een Psychological Bulletin, vol. 103, 2, pp. 193-201 (Abstract), DOI:10.1037\/0033-2909.103.2.193 Corpus ID: 762759, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Illusion-and-well-being%3A-a-social-psychological-on-Taylor-Brown\/3331a6d8daa55975dfab8e35f91b42157eb1a2e8\">https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Illusion-and-well-being%3A-a-social-psychological-on-Taylor-Brown\/3331a6d8daa55975dfab8e35f91b42157eb1a2e8<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a class=\"totop\" href=\"#top\">back to the table of contents<\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Rom\u00e2n\u0103.Resurse privind gestionarea stresului \u00een condi\u021biile pandemiei de<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/specialisti\/articles\/romana-resurse-privind-gestionarea-stresului-in-conditiile-pandemiei-de-sars-cov-2-si-a-imbolnavirii-de-covid-19\/\">cite\u015fte mai departe&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-specialisti-articole","category-articole"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7972"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7972\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8048,"href":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7972\/revisions\/8048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.psi-quest.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}